Air conditioning



v Jan. 3, 1939. f G. v. wooDLlNG 2,142,593

AIR CONDITIONING Filed Deo. 24, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet l ffecf INVENTOR. y

w/r/vfss I l ,5'

M www 3' Jan 3 1939. G. v. wooDLlNG AIR CONDITIONING Filed Dec. 24, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y 5 .m 5 0 5 w J. ...ma

Dr] a/ tempera/are Jan.` 3, 1939. Q v WOODUNG 2,142,593

AIR CONDITIONING Filed Deo. 24, 1932 l 5 sheets-sheet 3 ,Im 3,*"1939. Q v, WOQDUNG 2,142,593

AIR CONDITIONING Filed Dea. 24, 1932 5 Sheng-sheet s f77 fue l u [y 9 ze "5 60 a/ INVENTOR a Q w/zwfss Patented Jan. 3, 1939 vUNITED STATES AIR CONDITIONING George V. Woodling, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to General Motors Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application December 24, 1932, Serial No. 648,822

21 Claims.

My invention relates, in general, to air-conditioning, and more particularly to means for measuring and regulating the condition of the air to give the maximum degree of comfort.-

The subject matter of the present application for Letters Patent is related to the subject matter covered in my application for Letters Patent Serial No. 645,570, led December 3, 1932, entitled Air conditioning, the latter being a division of my pending application for Letters Patent, Serial 606,837, led April 22, 1932, entitled, Measuring and regulating devices.

The human comfort or discomfort, as regards feeling of warmth, depends largely upon the body temperature, and, therefore, upon the relation between the rate of production and dissipation of heat. i

By the process of metabolism, heat is constantly generated within the body. Accordingly, this heat must be eliminated from the surface of the body and from the respiratory tract by radiation, convection and evaporation. Hence, to maintain a constant body temperature, the heat loss of the body must equal the heat produced. It is, therefore, apparent that any reduction in the elimination of heat from the body must result in a rise in the temperature and a corresponding feeling of discomfort. As the temperature of the air and surrounding objects rise, the loss of heat by convection and radiation decreases. When the air temperature reaches that of the body, the loss by radiation and convection ceases. Finally, as the air temperature exceeds that of the body, heat ls transferred from the air to tle D body. As the temperature of the air rises and heat loss by radiation and convection decreases, the body endeavors to maintain temperature equilibrium by making available more perspiration, thus resulting in a greater heat loss by evaporation.

From the foregoing, one notes that there must necessarily exist certain combinations of temperatures, humidities, and air motions, which produce the same total heat loss by radiation, convection, and evaporation; and, therefore, the same feeling of comfort or discomfort. Therefore, the comfort or discomfort of the human body depends not only upon the temperature of the surrounding air as registered by a dry-bulb thermometer, but also upon the temperature as indicated bythe wet-bulb thermometer, together with the air motion.

The combinations of temperature, humidity, and air movement which produce the same feeling of warmth are called thermo-equivalent conditons. o r, more generally, effective temperatures or comfort indexes. Elaborate experiments conducted by the Research Laboratory of the United States Bureau4 of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, andpublished in the Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers from 1923 to the present date, by F. C. Haughten and C.P. Yaglou, show that this newly-developed scale of thermo-equivalent conditions, or effective temperatures not onlyA wet-bulb temperature, and velocity of the airV required to produce that particular effective temperature.

Therefore, an object of my invention is to provide for giving a measurement of' the human comfort.

Another object of myV invention is to provide for giving a measurement of the human comfort in terms of the combination of the dry-bulb temperature, the relative humidity, and the air velocity.

A further object of my invention is to so modify the measurements of the dry bulb temperature as to correct for changes in the moisture and the air velocity, and thereby effect a modified measurement that is a true .index of a persons feeling of comfort.

A still further object of my invention is to translate three movements into a single resultant movement.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a comfort regulating device which may be adjustably and automatically set to give the maximum degree of comfort.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a dual comfort regulating device; that is to say, it is adjustably adapted to regulate the heating apparatus in the Winter time and the cooling equipment in the summer time.

It is also an object of my invention to so arrange the electrical contact members of the dual comfort regulating device that the action of the heating apparatus or. the cooling equipment is initiated when the contact members are closed, and that the action of the heating apparatus or the cooling equipment is arrested when the contact members are open.

-Another object of my invention is to so regulate the heating apparatus or the cooling equipment that the comfort index maintained by the heating apparatus or the cooling equipment coincides with the setting of the comfort index as indicated on the comfort regulating device.

temperature lines for still air (persons Another object of my invention is to provide for so regulating the human comfortthat, for

any change in the dry-bulb temperature, the moisture, or the air velocity, which results in a change in the human comfort, a correction is made in the dry-bulb temperature, in the moistion of the air and for subtracting this subtrahend value from the dry-bulb temperature to give measurement of the human comfort.

Another object of my invention is to provide for operating both a fan and theheating apparatus when the human comfort index is less than a predetermined cold value; for operating the fan only when the human comfort index is more than the said predetermined cold value and less than a second higher predetermined value, and for operating neither the fan nor the heating apparatus when the humancomfort index is more than the second higher predetermined value; :and-,to provide for operating both the fan and the cooling equipment when the human comfort index is more than a predetermined warm value; for operating the fan` only when the human comfort index is less than the said predetermined warm value and more than a second lower predetermined value, and for operating neither thel fan nor the cooling equipment when the human comfort index is less than the second lower predetermined value.

Another object of my invention is to provide for setting the air motion off on the comfort regulating device to correspond eitherl to the vprevailing natural air motion or' to that created by the A'stlll further object of my invention is to provide for regulating the human comfort in a building'in accordance with either the effective temperature or the dry-bulb temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the' building.

Another object of my invention is to regulate the setting of the comfort regulating device in accordance with the comfort index of the atmosphere surrounding the building.

OtherA objects .and a fuller understanding of my invention may be had by referring to the following specification, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a psychrometric chart withieiective normally clothed and slightly active);

Figure 2 is a psychrometric chart with effective temperature lines for an air velocity of 300 feet per minute (persons normally clothed and slightly active) Figure 3 is a reorganized psychrometric chart and represents the basis yfor determining a measurement of the human comfort in all eombinations of dry-bulb temperatures, relative humidities and air-velocities;

Figure 4 is a modified form of the family of full lines shown in the psychrometric chart of Figure 3, and represents the actual basis for the construction of my comfort regulating device;

, Figure 5 is a modified form of the family of 'brokenlines shown in the psychrometric chart v ing air than it is for still air.

having its principleof operation based upon the modified psychrometric charts shown in Figures 4 and 5 Figure 7 is a perspective view of my comfort regulating device;

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of an airconditioning system embodying the features of my invention and employing my comfort regulating device for regulating a heating apparatus, a cooling equipment and a fan to give the maximum degree of human comfort; and

- Figure 9 is a fragmentary showing of a thermostat which may replace the outside comfort regulating device shown in the ,upperI right-hand corner o-f the controll system in Figure 8.

With reference to the two psychrometric charts of Figures` 1 and 2, the dry-bulb temperature is plotted as abscissae and the grains of moisture per pound of dry air as ordinates. The maximum moisture which the air can hold at various temperaturesl gives the saturation, or 100 per cent relative humidity curve. Relative humidities between Zero and 100 per cent are given by a series of curved lines similar to the saturation curve. The wet-bulb temperatures for all atmospheric conditions Iare given by 'a series of nearly parallel oblique lines. given by a series of oblique, but not parallel,

lines which approach being parallel to the wet-- 'bulb temperature lines at high temperatures and humidities, and to the dry-bulb temperature lines at low temperatures. In the psychrometric chart of Figure 1, which is for still air, the effective temperature line is perpendicular and coincides with the dry-bulb temperature line at 46. In Figure 2, which is for air moving at the rate of 300 feet per minute, the effective temperature line is perpendicular and coincides with the drybulb temperature line at 56. Although not shown, for air velocities of 100 and 500 feet per minute, the effective temperature lines and the dry-bulb temperature lines coincide respectively at 51 and 59.

For dry-bulb temperatures below these respective values, an increase in humidity produces a cooler sensation instead of a warmer sensation as is produced vfor dry-bulb temperatures above these values. dividing lines at which humidity has no effect upon the comfort of the body.

The psychrometric chart of Figure 2 for moving air, differs from the chart of Figure 1 for still air only in that the effective temperature lines for any particular degree do not intersect the drybulb and wet-bulb temperature lines at the same degree on the saturation or 100 per cent relative humidity curve, but are removed to the vright so that the effective temperature for any particular dry and wet-bulb temperature is.lower for mov- The difference between the effective temperature for still air and for moving air, of any velocity, is the cooling effect resulting from that velocity.

Referring to the psychrometric chart in Figure 1, a dry-bulb temperature of 70 and a relative humidity of 35, produces an effective temperature of 65. 'I'his is for still air. Referring to Figure 2, which is for air moving at the rate of 300 feet per minute, the same d :y-bulb temperature and relative humidity produces an eective temperature of 60, or a reduction of 5 resulting from a change in the air velocity.

For winter-time conditions in relatively cold climates, and for persons normally clothed and slightly active, extensive tests show that the com- A Effective -temperature is Hence, these values may be called the motion. From a study of. the psychrometric` fort zone ranges from an effective temperature of 62 to an effective temperature of. 69.

That particular effective temperature at which a maximum number of people feel comfortable is called the comfort line. While at rest, 97 per cent of the people have been found to be comfortable at an effective temperature of 64 and this temperature is generally considered as the winter comfort line or optimum effective temperature, However, persons working at various rates are most comfortable at effective temperatures below 64.

Since the main purpose of the comfort regulatlng device is to measure the human comfort, it follows that its functioning or. principle of operation must be based upon a useful and prac- .tical relationship that combines the dry-bulb temperature, the relative humidity, and the air charts of Figures 1- and together with other psychrometric charts (not shown), I find that by reorganizing the foregoing values upon a difthat, at a ferent basis, a useful and practical relationship results. Such a relationship is shown in Figure 3.

In Figure 3, the `dry-bulb temperature is scaled oir on the line OX; a subtra-hend value, that/is the amount Ito be subtracted from the dry-bulb to equal,A the effective temperature, on the line OY; the relatively humidity, `on the line CD; and the air velocities, on the line EF.

The air velocity line EF is determined as follows: With reference to the psychrometric chart of Figure l, which is for still air, one observes that, at a dry-bulb temperature of 46, the amount to be subtracted (the subtra-hend value) from the ldry-bulb temperature to equal the effective temperature is zero. ordinates for establishing the zero point on the line EF are 46 for the 'dry-bulb temperature andzero for the subtra-hend value. Similarly,

vFigure 2, which is for an air velocity of 300 feet per minute, one observes that, at a dry-bulb temperature of 56, the amount to be subtracted from the dry-bulb temperature to equal the effective temperature, is 10. This establishes `the point 300 on the line EF. By referring to other psychrometric charts (not shown) the points for air velocities of 100, 200, 400 and 500 may be established in asimilar manner.

The relative humidity line CD is likewise empirically established by first plotting a family of lines. which have, for their origin, points on the air velocity line EF and which meet at a drybulb temperature of 120 F. The values for plotting the family of lines are obtained from the psychrometric charts of Figures 1 and 2, together with other similar charts (not shown). For instance, the line G interlconnecting the zero point on the line EF and the point 90 on the relative humidity line CD is determined by establishing a series of points, the values of. which being obtained from the psychrometric chart of Figure l, and drawing a line through the said points.

With reference to Figure 1,`which is for still air, one observes that, at a dry-bulb temperature of F. and al relative humidity of 90 percent, the effective .temperature is 69.4. This means dry-bulb temperature of 70 F. and a relative humidity of percent, the amount of a subtra-hend value to be 'subtracted from the dry-bulb temperature to equal the corresponding effective temperature is 0.6. Therefore, with reference to Figure 3, a dry-bulb temperature of. 70 F., as measured on the line OX, and a subtra- Therefore, the coi point i on the line G, one observes from Figure l that, with a relative humidity of 90 percent, the subtra-hend value to be subtracted from a dry-bulb temperature of F. to equalthe corresponding effective temperature, is 2.5". Gther points for establishing the position of the line G may be determined in the same manner.

The other full lines of the family'of lines, interconnecting the zero point on the air velocity line EF and the points 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 on the relative humidity line CD, may be established in the same manner as the line G was established, except that relative humidities values of 80, '70, 60, 50, 40, 30 and 20 are, respectively, used for each line. In a similar manner the family of broken lines, inter-connecting the point 300 on the air velocity line EF and the points 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 and 20 on the relative humidity line CD, may be established, except that the values for establishing these lines are taken from the psychrometric chart in Figure 2 which is for an air velocity -of 300 feet per minute. While I have drawn. the foregoing family of lines to explain the method as to how they are established, it is readily apparent that an infinite number of such lines may be drawn. Fromvthe reorganized psychrometric chart of Figure- 3,'"one ,observes that the corresponding lines in the various groups meet at F. This indicates that at this high temperature, the air velocity has no cooling effect upon the body. Therefore, when the chart in Figure 3 is once established, one can obtain from it the amount (the subtra-hend value) to be ysubtracted from' the dry-bulb temperature to equal the corre` spending effective temperature for all possible combinations of dry-bulb temperature, relative humidities and air velocities. As will appear later the theory of operation of my comfort regu-- lating device is primarily based upon the chart ofl Figure 3. However, before describing the structural features of my comfort regulating device, I will explain how the'family of curved lines in the chart of Figure 3 may be modified or drawn straight to simplify and to facilitate the construction of my regulating device. Two modified psychrometric charts are shown in Figures 4 and 5. In order not to cause a confusion of the family of lines and to make the reconstruction of the modified psychrometric charts as clear as. possible, I have preferably shown two charts. Figure 4 represents the modified form of the family of full lines of the psychrometric chart of Figure 3, and similarly Figure 5 representsl the modified form of the family of broken lines.

The primary objectof the modified psychrometric charts of Figures 4 and 5 is to so reconstruct the phychrometric chart of Figure 3 as to replace the family of curved lines by a family of straight lines, and at theA same time so draw the family of straight lines that the scalar units of the air velocity line EF and the relative humidity line CD are uniform. To this end, the air vvelocity line EF is arbitrarily drawn vertically at a dry-bulb temperatureof 50. In Figures 4 and 5, thelfamily of straight lines, throughstraight lines in Figures 4f and 5 are so drawn as to'make them coincide as nearly as possible with the curved lines, -they are also so drawn as to make the scalar unitsfforthe air velocity line EF and the relative humidity line CD uniform. Although the modified psychrometric chart in Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrates a single family of lines originating from a point of zero air velocity and of 300 feet per minute, it is clearly :manifest that an innite number of straight lines may be drawn to represent all combinations of air velocities and relative humidities.

With reference to Figure 6, I illustrate an effective temperature indicator having its mode of operation based upon the modified psychrometric charts of Figures 4 and 5.l The indicator comprises, in general, a panel or base I0, an L-shaped dry-bulb temperature hand II, an air velocity hand i3, a relative humidity hand I4, an ,L-

shaped effective temperature hand I6, and an interconnecting link I5 having a slot substantially of its length. As illustrated, the dry-bulb temperature hand I I, may be pivotally connected to the base I9, by means of a pin 22, or other suitable means. Similarly, the air velocity hand I3 and the relative humidity hand I4, are pivotallyy connected to the base I0 by means of pins I8 and 2l, respectively. The ends of the inter-connecting link I5,'are pivotally and slidably connected to the inner ends of the air velocity hand I3 and the relative humidity hand I4 by means of pins I9 and 29, respectively.` The openings in the inner ends of the air velocity hand I3 and the `relative humidity hand I4, are somewhat elongated,

thus forming relatively short slots to allow the two pivot pins I9 and 20 to slide therein as the two hands are actuated. As illustrated, the apex of the elective temperature hand I 6, is pivotally connected to the upper end of the L-shaped drybulb temperature hand by means of a pin I2, and the left-hand end thereof is slidably connected to the slottedllink I5 by means of a pin I1 that is disposed to slide freely, vbut not too loosely within the longitudinal slot of the interconnecting link I5.' y

'Ifhe scalar units of the dry-bulb temperature scale, the relative humidity scale, and the air 'velocity scale are based upon the correspondingr scalar units of the modified psychrometric charts in Figures 4/ and 5. Hence, the actuation and setting of the dry-bulb temperature hand II, at anyV velocity hand I3, at any particular value, causes the pivot point I9 to assume a corresponding air velocity value, as marked oi on the scale EF of the modified psychrometric charts.

Therefore, for any particular setting of the relative humidity hand I4 and the air velocity hand I3, the inter-connecting link I5 assumes a position that corresponds to the position`of a straight line drawn from a corresponding relative humidity value and a' corresponding air velocity value,

as scaled olf upon the modified psychrometic charts of Figures 4 and 5. Accordingly, the illustrated linkage systemissuch that an increase in the setting of the relative humidity hand I4 afganos causes the pin 2t t'o move upwardiy, which, in turn, actuates the slidable pin Il upwardly and the pointer of the effective temperature hand I6 to the right. Conversely, a decrease in the setting of the relative humidity hand I 4 actuates the pointer of theieiective temperature hand I6 to the left. In a similar manner, an increase in the setting of theair velocity hand I3 causes the pivot point i9 to move downwardly, which, in turn, actuates the slidable. pin I'I downwardly and the pointer of the effective temperature hand I6 to the left. Conversely, a decrease in the setting of the air velocity hand I3 actuates the pointer of the effective hand to the right. From the foregoing, it is manifest that the linkage system is such that, for any particular setting of the dry-bulb temperature hand I I, the relative humidityhand I4, and the air velocity hand I3, the slidable pin Il assumes such a position as to cause the pointer of the eiective temperature hand I3 to be retracted by an amount equal to the subtrahend. as determined by the combined effect of the particular dry-bulb temperature, the

'relative hirnidity, and the air velocity. In other.

midity hand I4, and the airvelocity hand I3,

are translated into ra. single .resultant movement of the effective temperature hand I6, which is a true indication of a persons feeling of comfort or discomfort. In the position of the hands as indicated in Figure 6, the dry-bulb temperature hand Il is set at 90, the relative humidity hand i4, at 20 percent, and the air velocity hand I3, at zero. With this setting, the effective temperature hand reads 76.3, thus giving an effective temperature reading that is 13.2 below the corresponding dry-bulb temperature reading, and is accordingly, thetrue index of a persons feeling of comfort. For the illustrated setting, the subtrahend value is 13.2.

From the foregoing, it is noted that the linkage system provides for giving a subtrahend value based upon the combined eiect of the drybulb temperature, therelative humidity, and the air velocity, and for subtracting this subtrahend Yvalue from the dry-bulb temperature to give a measurement of the human comfort.

Having described the operation and principles' vof the effective temperature indicator, I will now describe how the same movements may be incorporated into a comfort regulating device for regulating the heating apparatus, or the cooling equipment to give the maximum degree of comfort.

With particular reference to Figure 7 oi the drawings, my comfort regulating device comprises, in general, a clock 30 having a rear engaging flange slidably supported in a suitable groove of the upper part of a base 3|, a shifting plate 32 pivotally connected to the base 3l by means of a bolt and nut 33 or other suitable means, two spaced, substantially upright members 34 and 35 pivotally connected to the upper end of the shifting plate 32, a cam 38 governed by the clock 30 for engaging the two upright members 34 and 35 and thereby actuating the shifting plate 32, two

sets of contact pins 39 and 40 carried by the shifting plate 32, a circular bi-metallic element 4I, a hygroscopic element 42, an air velocity hand '46 and an associated air velocity dial 43, a plurality of movable contact fingers 44, and a linkage system45 for translating the movements of the bi-metallic element 4I, the hygroscopic element 42,:and the setting ofthe air velocity hand 4I into a single resultant movement of the movable contact fingers 44;

In the illustrated embodiment of my invention, I preferably show an electric clock of any suitable design, but it is to be understood that I do not intend to limit my invention to an electric clock, as clocks of other types may be likewise employed. Associated with the clock is a secondary dial 56 and a secondary mechanism 51 for actuating the cam 38. The combination of the clock, the secondary dial 56, the secondary mechanism 51 and the cam 38 constitutes a composite clock unit that is now utilized on existing thermostatic clock regulators. For this reason, the description and the drawings of the composite clock unit include only such main features as are necessary to explain the general mode of operation. The secondary dial 56 makes one complete revolution in twenty-four hours, and is divided in two main divisions, one designated as A. M. and the other as P. M. Each division is subdivided in twelve equal hourly divisions. Releasably attached to the secondary dial 56, 'are two tripping hands 58 and 58for lifting a tripping lever 68, which, in turn, initiates the action of the secondary mechanism 51 to rotate the cam 38. As illustrated the two tripping hands 58 and 59 may be adjustably set for any desired tripping time by tightening a thumb set screw 6|, and, when once set, they rotate in a counterciockwise direction with the secondary dial 56. As the arcuate endsof the tripping hands 58 and 58v respectively pass under-the tripping lever 68, they gradually lift the tripping lever and thereby set-the secondary mechanism in operation. In the posi--y tion as shown, the set screw 6| is unloosened and the two tripping hands 58 and 59 are hanging loosely. As will appear later, the tripping hands 58 and 59 are loose when the comfort regulator is set to, control thel cooling equipment in the summer season. In the winter season when the heating apparatus is in operation the tripping hands 58 and 58 are adjustably set and tightened to rotate with the secondary dial 56.

The secondary mechanism 51 and the associated rotating cam 38 are located in rear kof the secondary dialv 56. Briefly, the operation of the secondary mechanism is such that by lifting the tripping lever 68, to its raised position, the cam 38 rotates in a clockwise direction approximated one-quarter of a turn in which position the tip of the ca m is in readiness to engage the upright member 35, and`that, when the tripping lever 68 is allowed to fall to its lower position, the cam 38 resumes its rotationin a clockwise direction until the tip of the cam is vertically downward, thus making a total sweep of one-half of a revolution. During the period of the second-quarter sweep of the cam, it engages the upright member 35 and actuates the shifting plate 32 to the right. Similarly, by again lifting the tripping lever 60 to its raised position the cam rotates in a clockwise direction approximately one-quarter of a revolution, vin which position the tip of the cam is in readiness to engage the upright member 34, and then when the tripping lever 68 is allowedto fall to its lower position, the cam lresumes its rotation in a clockwise direction until the tip of I the cam is vertically upward, thus making a sec- 75 shift of the shifting plate 32, the two uprights ond total sweep of one-half of a revolution. During the period of the fourth-quarter sweep of the cam, it engages the upright member 34 and actuates the shifting plate 32 to the left.A For the purpose of adjustably varying the amount of the 34 and 35 are pivotally connected to the upper end of the shifting plate 32 and hence they may be adjustably set at any desired position by moving the integrally formed indicating arms 64 and 65 along their corresponding effective temperature scales, marked oil on opposite side of the upper end of the shifting plate 32.

In addition to the composite clock unit now employed in existing thermostatic regulators, I provide a second means for lifting the tripping lever 68. This second means is utilized when my comfort regulator is connected to control the cooling equipment in the summer season and comprises, in general, an electro-magnet 66 mounted on a depending bracket 61, a lifting lever 68 pivotally connected to the covering of the secondary mechanism 51 and arranged to have its inner end engage the underneath side of the tripping lever 68, a spring 69 that normally biases the inner end. of the lifting lever 68 downwardly to free the tripping lever 68, and two sets of contact fingers 18 and 1| and 12 and 13, respectively disposed to be bridged by the tip of the cam 38, which is insulated from the remaining portion of the cam by means of a suitable insulating member 16. The energization of the electro-magnet 66'pulls the outer end of the lifting lever 68 downwardly and thus causes the inner end thereof to lift the tripping lever 68 to its raised position, and conversely, the de-energization of the electro-magnet 66 allows the spring 69 to raise the outer end of the lifting lever 68 and thereby cause the inner end thereof to free the tripping lever 68. 'I'he operation of the cam 38, initiated by the electromagnet 66, is the same as that previously described in connection with the secondary dial 58 and the associated tripping hands 58 and 59.

The two sets of contact fingers 10 and 1|, 12

the electro-magnet 66. To this end, the contact ngers 18 and 13 are inter-connected by a conductor 11, the contact fingers 1| and 12 are respectively connected to an external circuit by conductors 62 and |68, and the contact nger 13 and the lower terminal of the winding of the electro-magnet 6'6 are respectively connected to a pair of contact points 8| vand 82 embedded in the rear ilange of the clock by means of conductors 18 and 88. The embedded contact points 8| and 82 are, in turn, respectively connected to two energized conductors 85 ,and 86l by means of two terminals 83 and 84 embedded in the base 3|. Similarly,'by an arrangement of another pair of contact points and terminals, the two conductors 81 and 88 that lead to the electric motor of the clock are respectively connected to two energized conductors 88 and 98. Although not shown, the conductors 62, |68 and 18, the latter being connected to the upper terminal of the electromagnet 66, are arranged to be connected to an external circuit through means of contact points and terminals embedded in the opposite side of the rear flange of the clock 38. Therefore, when In my invention, the electro-magnet 66, and the two sets of contact ngers 'l0 and 1|, and 12 'and 13, respectively, and all of their associated elements constitute ank addition to the composite clock unit employed in existing thermostatic regulators, and, accordingly, the new parts, as well as the old, are removed when 'the new composite clock, as illustrated in my invention, is removed from the base 3|. y

In addition to actuating automatically the shifting plate 32 by means of the cam 30, asecond means comprising manually operated parts is provided. As illustrated, the second means l includes, in general, an adjustable eiective temarm lll actuated by the setting of the air velocity perature indicating hand |02, an eiective temperature scale |03, an upright shaft |04 suitably supported ln the base 3|, and an actuating arm |05 having one end connected to the upper end of the upright shaft |04 and having its other end inserted into a. suitable opening in the shifting plate 32. Therefore by means of the foregoing arrangement, the actuation of the adjustable effective temperature hand |02 causes a corresponding shifting in the same direction of the shifting plate 32.,

In my comfort regulating device, the linkage system 45 that transmits a single resultant movement to the movable contact lingers 44, is actuated by the combined movements of the bi-metallic member 4|, the hygroscopic element 42, and the setting of the air velocity hand 46. The linkage system 45 is based upon the linkage system shown in Figure 6, and comprises an upright post |01 having its upper end pivotally connected to the contact fingers 44, and its lower end connected to the bi-metallic member 4|, a crank I l0 pivotally connected at its apex to a support 41 and actuated by the hygroscopic element 42, an

hand 46, a slotted arm H2 actuated jointly by the crank H0 and the arm IH, and a member ||3 for transmitting the movements of the slotted arm ||2 to the contact ngers 44.

The stationary end of the bi-metallic member 4| is adjustably connected to a bracket plate |05. In order that the position of the upright post |07 may be varied, when makingcalibrated adjustments, an adjustment screw |00 is provided.- In this manner, the mere turning of the adjustment screw S08 changes the initial position of the upright post |01 for any particular dry-bulb temperature. Responding to changes in dry-bulb temperatures, the upright post |0l moves back and forth in the same manner as the contact fingers of the existing thermostats move back and forth. The swinging of the upper end of the uprightpost |01 not only actuates the contact fingers 44, but also causes the pin H4 to slide back and forth in the longitudinal slot of the slotted arm |I2. vThis means that the movements of the contact fingers 44 are responsive to the movements of the hygroscopic element 42 and the setting of the air velocity hand. 4S, as well as to the' bi-metallic member 4|;

While there are several existing hygroscopi elements responsive to moisture such, for example, as the human hair, cellulose materials,- and `ribbon paper, I have preferably shown a hygroscopic element 42 made up of dissimilar pieces of wood |2I,y which deect, when subjected to a change of moisture, very much as a bi-metallic strip deects when subjected to a change of temperature. The lower ends of the dissimilar pieces of wood |2| are embedded in a suitable stationary support |22 and the free upper ends are each pivotally connected to separate cross-pins extending between two side plates |23. Integrally connected to the front side plate is an upwardly extending arm-having a slot therein to which thel upper end of the crank I0 is slidably connected.

-, While I have shown only four dissimilar pieces of wood |2|, it is apparent that any number may be employed to give the desiredforce to actuate the crank H0. In this embodiment of my invention, the upper free ends of the dissimilar pieces of Wood l2| are ldisposed to swing to the right with an increase in the relative humidity. Accordingly, with an increase in the relative humidity, the right-hand end of the slotted arm H2 is raised, and with a decrease in the relative humidity, the right-hand end of the slotted arm H2 is lowered. The up, and down movements of the right-hand end 'of-'the slotted arm |2-are,

in turn, transmitted to the contact ngers 44. In addition to the hygroscopic element 42 actuating the slotted arm H2, it operates a relative humidity indicating hand |50 which moves along a relative humidity scale |5I.

The left-hand end of the slotted arm H2 is actuated up and 'down in accordance with the setting of the air velocity hand 45. As illustrated,

lwith an increase in the setting of the air velocity hand 46, the left-hand endof theslotted arm ||2 is actuated downwardly and conversely, with a decrease in the setting of the air velocity hand 46, the movement'of the left-hand end of the slotted arm H2 is upwardly. f.

Therefore, by the linkage system 45, the movements of the bi-metallic member 45, and the hygroscopic element 42, and the setting of the -air velocity hand 46, are transmitted into a single resultant movement of the contact ngers 44'. In .other words, the movement of the upper ends -of the contact'ngers 44, are a measurement of ing the moisture to influence the action of the' regulating device with the greater inuence at higher temperature than at lower temperature is accomplished in the applicants invention by means ofV the mechanical linkage, comprising chiey the slotted member l |2 actuated at one end by a hygroscopic element 42 and at the other end by the air' velocity adjusting means 43 taken .in combination -withI the member H3 havingdts lower end slidably mounted by means of` a' pivot pin i4 within the longitudinal slot of the member H2. Therefore, it is noted that as thentemperature increases, the pivot point ||4 is moved to the right and thereby causes a greater movement in the set of contact lingers 44 with a unit change in the movement of the hygroscopic element 42. The importance of this provision may be readily observed by referring -tothe effective temperature lines in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings. In

these drawings, itis'noted that at low temperatures, the effective temperature lines are substantially vertical, but that'at higher temperatures, the effective-temperature lines are inclined materially. Therefore, in order to give a truemeasurement of the effective temperature, there must be provisions to take care of the increasingly sloping effective temperature lines as the dry bulb temperature increases. Thus, with reference to Figure 1, observe that at an effective temperature of 85, a unit change in moisture from 10% rela-` tive humidity up to 20% relative humidity causes an increase of two units in the effective temperature, whereas at an effective temperature of 65, and with the same increase in relative humidity from 10% to 20%, there is less than one-half of a unit increase in the effective temperature. As above indicated, the applicants invention takes care of this variable change in the sloping of the effective temperature lines by causing the thermostat member |01 to actuate the pivot point I4 to the right as shown in Figure '7, and thereby causes a unit change in moisture to affect the movement of the contact member 44 with `a greater infiuence at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.

A s illustrated the contact fingers 44 are arranged to engagetwo sets of contact pins 39 and 40. As will appear later the set of lcontact pins 39 are used when my comfort regulating device is connected to control the heating apparatus in the winter season, and the set of. contact pins 40 are used when my regulating device is connected to control the cooling equipment in the iii) summer season. In this manner, regardless of whether or not my regulating device is connnected to control the heating apparatus or the cooling equipment, the closing of the control circuit by the contact fingers 44 engaging either one of the set of contact pins 39 or 40, accordingly initiates the action of the heating apparatus or the cool-' ing equipment, and the breaking of the control circuit by the opening of the contact fingers with either one of the set of contact pins 39 or 40,

accordingly arrests the action of the heating apparatus or the cooling equipment.

The set of contact pins 39 and 40 are similarly constructed and are mounted on the shifting plate 32 in the same manner. As shown, the set of contact pins 39 includes three contact pins |30, |3| and |32 and the lset of contact pins 40 includes three contact pins |33, |34 and |35. The contact pins of each set threadably engage individual insulated cylindrical segments, which, when assembled, constitute a rotatable shaft suitably bearing on the rear end in the shifting plate 32 and on the front end in an arcuate member |36 that is rigidly connected to the shifting plate 32 by means of two supporting members |31 and |39. In order to prevent the two sets of contact fingers 39 and 40 from being in cooperative worlr-` j ing position at the same time with the contact fingers 44, two interlocking arms |40 and |4| are respectively connected to the front end of each of the rotatable shafts into which the contact pins are threadably engaged. In the position as shown, being the position when my comfort regulating device is set to control the cooling equipment in the summer time, the set of contact .pins

40are in cooperative working position with the contact fingers 44, and the set of contact pins 39, which are connected to control the heating apparatus in the winter time, are rotated counterclockwise out of working engagement with the contact fingers 44. Therefore, before the interlocking arm |4| can be actuated in a clockwise direction to bring the set of contact pins 39 into working position with the contact fingers 44, it is first necessary to actuate the interlocking arm |40 in a clockwise direction and thereby raise the set of contact pins 40 out of working position with the contact fingers 44.

To avoid any unnecessary difliculty in adjusting the contact fingers 44, with reference to the two sets of contact pins, I provide two oppositely disposed sets of contact fingers. As illustrated, each set comprises three flexible fingers connected at their lower ends toa base that is pivotally connected to the upper end of the post |01 and adapted at their upper ends to engage the three corresponding contact pins. As will be more fully explained as the description advances, the three contact fingers are adjusted to progressively engage their respective contact pins.

While not shown, my comfort regulating de vice may be provided with a removable cover. In accordancey with existing thermostatic regulators, such a cover may have the usual thermometer mounted thereon. In addition, the cover should be provided with suitable openings for the relative humidity scale |5|, the air velocity scale 43, and the effective temperature scale |02, so that these 'readings may be visible and adjustable without removing the cover.

With reference to Figure 8, I illustrate how my comfort regulating device may be employed to control the heating apparatus in the winter season and the cooling equipment in the summer season. In general, the control system comprises an inside regulating device, that is mounted inside of a building, an outside regulating device that is mounted on the outside of the building, va compartment |10 including heating elements |1|, cooling elements |12, and a motor-driven fan |13; a heat generating unit |14, a cooling unit |15 driven by a motor |16, transformers |11, |18 and |19, supply lconductors |80, and associated relays and valves for effecting the desired operating characteristics.

'I'he inside comfort regulating device, while it is. drawn somewhat diagrammatically for simplicity and clarity, comprises and embodies the same features of the regulating device shown in Figure '1. The three flexible contact fingers of each set of the'oppositely disposed contact fingers 44 are arranged to close progressively with approximately a two degree effective temperature differential between them. The two sets of con.

tact fingers are constructed alike and, of the right-hand set that is connected to control the cooling equipment, the 'contact finger that enlgages the contact pin |35 (hereinafter called the' the left-hand set that is connected to controlthe heating apparatus, the contact finger that engages the contact pin |32 (hereinafter called the leftrear contact finger) is adjusted to close first, the contact finger that is adjusted to engage the contact pin |30 (hereinafter called the left-front contact finger) is adjusted to close second, and the contact finger that engages the Contact pin |3| (hereinafter called I the left-middle contact nger) is adjusted to close last.

For the outside regulating device, it is not necessary to include the clock and the associated features for automatically 'operating the shifting plate 32. The remaining parts,V except for the single contact finger 200, are the same asthe corresponding parts of the inside regulator.

As illustrated the transformer |'|1 supplies the energy to the electric clock 39 of the regulating device. The transformer |11 is designed to give the proper wattage and voltage to operate the electric clock and, therefore, no other circuit should be connected thereto.-

The compartment |13 may be more descriptively referred to as the modern air conditioners and the outside of the enclosure may be i'lnished to harmonize with any surroundings of the home, office, or other location. The upper (heating elements 1| are connected to a heat generating unit |14 of thel gas-burning type controlled by a suitable electro-magnetic gas valve |9|. The lower cooling elements |12 of the air conditioner are connected to a refrigerating compressor |15 driven by a motor |16. As is -usual practice, the motor-driven fan |13 is located in the bottom of the compartment |10 and provides, when running for drawing a current of air from the room through the opening |92 in the bottom of the oompartment and thence for forcing the air up through the compartment past the cooling elements |12 and the heating elements |1, and then out into the room through the opening |93 at the top of the compartment. According as the conditions demand in the summer time, either the fan |13 or the cooling elements |12, orboth may be operated; and in the vwinter time, either 'the fan |13 or the heating elements |11, or both may be operated. The selectivity between the cooling elements |12 and the heating elements and the activity of the respective cooling and heating elements arecntrolled by the combination of a double-throw switch |95 and a relay |96, and the activity of the motor-driven fan |13 is controlled by a relay |91.

In explaining the operation, I will first assume that the systemis set for summer time conditions. In the summertime position, which is the posigtion shown in the drawings, the set of contact tive temperature .hand |02 should be set at such value that gives the maximum degree of comfort and the air velocity hand 96 should be set at such value that corresponds with the prevailing air velocity of the air in the room as caused by the fan |13. This value may be determined either by calculations based upon the capacity of the fan .or by suitable anemometers at the time that the air conditioners are installed. y

In 'the position of the flexible contact ngers, as shown, the control circuits are open; but, with an increase in the eiective temperature of the air in the room or other surroundings, resulting from either a change in the moisture or the drybulb temperature, or the combination of them both, the ilexible contact fingers 'gradually ap- I proach and progressively engage the set of contact fingers |33, |34 and |35. ,In this embodiment of this invention, the right-rear contact finger e'ngages rst at an eiective temperature of 66 acf cording tothe arbitrary assumption; b ut, in so doing no current hows in the electrical circuits. However, at an eective temperature of 68, by

vvirtue or the di'erential of two degreeseective temperature between the contact fingers, the right-front contact nger makes contact with its cooperatively engaging contact pin |33, thereby establishesl a circuit for energizing the relay |91 which, in turn, connects the motor that drives the fan |13 in circuit with the supply conductors |89. 'I'he circuit that energizes the relay |91 may be traced from the left-hand terminal ofthe secondary winding 2 |0 of the transformer |19 through a conductor 2|2, the windings of the relay |91, conductors 2|3 and 2M, the contact pins |33 and |35 bridged by the right-front and` the right-rear contact lingers, and a conductor 2|5 to thev righthand terminal of the secondary winding 2|0 of the transformer |19. The operation of the relay |91 connects the motor that drives the fan |13 in circuit with the supply conductors |89 through the closing of the lower contact members 2|1. Just as soon as the upper contact member 2|6 of the relay |91 is closed, a holding circuit is estab- -lished for continuously energizing the relay |91 so long as the right-rear contact nger engages the contact pin |35, even though the right-front contact finger breaks engagement with the contact pin |33; This holding circuit extends from the conductor 2|3 through the upper contact member 2|6, a conductor |62, the bi-metallic element Lil, the post |91,` right-rear contact linger, the contact pin |35, and the conductor 2|5 to the secondary winding 2| ,of the transformer |19. Therefore, by reason of the holding circuit together with the differential of two degrees eiective temperature between the right-rear and the right-front contact fingers, the operation of the relay |91 is made positive and thus quick starting and stopping of the fan motor-is prevented, even though the' right-front contact finger, at the point where itv just breaking away from the contact pin |33, should rapidly make and break contemperature stays between a temperature bracket of 66 to 68. Below this bracket, the motordriven fan |13 is stopped.

Let it now be assumed'that the eifective temperature continues to rise above this temperature bracket. This increase in the eiective temperature causes the contact lingers to swing further to the right and, at an eective temperature of 70 '(a differential of two degrees above 68), the right-middle contact finger engages the contact pin |34. This connection establishes a circuit for energizing the relay |96 and may be traced from the left-hand terminal of thesecondary winding 2|| of the transformer |19 through a conductor 2|8, the windings of the relay |96, a conductor 2 I9, the contact Yngers |34 and |33 bridged by the right-middle and the right-front contact fingers,

and the conductor 2M to the left-hand terminal of the second winding 2| of thetransformer |69. The operation of the relay |96 connects the motor |16 that drives the refrigerating compressor |15 in 4circuit with supply conductors |80 through the contact members 220 and the double-throw switch |95. In a similar manner as described in connection with the relay 91, just as soon as the upper contact member 22| of the relay |96 is closed', a holding circuit is vestablished for continuously energizing the relay |96 so long as the right-front contact nger engages the contact pin |33, even though the right-middle contact.

finger breaks engagement with the contact pin |34. This holding circuit extends from the conductor 2|9 through the upper contact member 22|, conductors 223 and |62, the bi-metallic element 4|, the post |01, the right-front contact finger, the contact pin |33,` and the conductor 2 I4 to the left-hand terminal of the secondary winding 2|I of the transformer |19. Therefore, by virtue of this holding circuit together with the differential of two degrees effective temperature between the right-front and the right-rear contact fingers, the operation of the relay |96' is made positive and thus .quick starting and stopping of the motor |16 that drives the refrigerating compressor |15 is prevented, even though the right-middle contact finger, at the point where it is just breaking away from the contact pin |34, should rapidly make and break contact withthe contact pin |34. This means that the relay |96, when once energized, is not deenergized until the right-front contact breaks engagement with the contact pin |33, which, according, to the arbitrary assumption wouldy be at an effective temperature value of 68.

summarizing the combined performance of the fan |13 and the Yrefrigerating-compressor |15, and using the arbitrarily chosen values, the fan with an increase of the effective temperature is started at an effective temperature of 68' and the refrigerating compressor |15' is started at aneffective temperature of 70 and, 4with a decrease in the effective temperature, the refrigerating compressor |15 is stopped atan effective temperature of 68 and the fan ls stopped at an eifective temperature of 66. In actual practice, the effect of the combinedv performance of the fan and the refrigerating compressor, as controlled by my comfort regulating device, may be divided in three opvelocity of the room caused b-y the fan.

erating conditions. Under the first condition, should the dry-bulbl temperature be relatively low with the air dry, neither the fan nor therefrigerating compressor is operated; because, under the first conditions, the effective temperature is relatively low and consequently there is no necessity for cooling the room. Under the second condition, should the dry-bulb'temperature be relatively high with the air dry, the fan only is operated; because `under the second condition, the effective temperature is of Ia medium value, and generally the cooling effect produced by the fan Ialone when the air is dry is sumcient to maintain the desired human comfort. .Under the third condition, should the dry-bulb temperature be relatively highv with the air rather damp, both the fan and the refrigerating compressor are operated; because, under the third condition, the effective temperature is relatively high and it is necessary to use both the fan and the refrigerating compressor to keep the desired human comfort.

As hereinbefore pointed out in the description, when my comfort regulating device is connected to control the cooling equipment in the summer-time, the air velocity hand 46 is set at such value as to correspondV to the prevailing air Therefore, when the fan is operating,l the resultant movement of the contact fingers is a correct measurement of the human comfort, and it is immaterial whether the resultant movement of "the optimum comfort value.

the contact fingers is not va correct measurement of the human comfort, as it will be when the fan is not operating, because, underjzhe condition when the fan is not operating, none of the contact fingers is engaging the contact pins.

In the illustrated embodiment of my invention, since the air velocity ls maintained at some suitable constant value, the action or performance is such that, for any change in the dry-bulb temperature or the moisture which results in a change in the human comfort, a correction is made in the dry-bulb temperature to off-set the said initial change in the human comfort causedk by the change in the dry-bulb temperature or the moisture. In other words, the moisture may vary uncontrolled, because the operation of my invention is such that a correction is made in the drybulb temperature to keep the effective temperature of the air of the room the same as the setting of the effective temperature Ahand |02. This feature or mode of operation makes my invention particularly adaptable to the modern air conditioner in which there is no provision for positivelycontrolling the moisture.

While air conditioners providefor humidifying the air in the winter, and for dehumidifying the air in the summer, yet there is no provision for positively maintaining the moisture at some predeterminedV selected value. In other words, the moisture is allowed to vary uncontrolled. The same istrue with hot air furnaces where moisture is added; in an uncontrolled manner, to the room byfplacingfa supply of water inthe path of the Yheated air. Therefore, in those cases in which the moisture is controlled it is necessary tohave additional equipment, controlled by a hygroscopic element. In this expensive manner, the relative humidity aswell as the dry-bulb temperature is controlled. However, with my invention it is not, necessary to go to the additional expense of installing a special humiditying and dehumidifying apparatus, because a correction is made in the dry-bulb temperature to ofi-set any change inwthe moisture, with the result the effective temperature is maintained at reference to the psychrometric chart of Figure l, suppose that the optimum effective temperature for summertime conditions is 68. effective temperature and with a relative humidity of 70 percent, the dry-bulb temperature must be 70.5. Now, with a decrease in the relative humidity to 25 percent, it is necessary, while maintaining the same effective temperature, to stop the refrigerating compressor and the fan until the dry-bulb temperature reaches 75.5. I'his means that, at these particular values, a correction of degrees is made in the dry-bulb temperature to off-set the change in the effective temperature .caused by a reduction in the relative humidity from 70 percent to 25 percent. As the motor for driving the fan and the motor for driving the refrigerating compressor are operated only when necessary. Also, efficiency is attained by operating4 the fan only duringlthe lower part of the effective temperature bracket.

' From the foregoing, it is noted that, in view -,ity, a system results which not only is efficient but also requires no additional equipment to control the moisture.

For instance, with For this Accordingly a very efdcient system results.

In theatres and department stores, which are cooled artificially in Warm Weather, the contrast between the outdoor and indoor air conditions,

becomes the deciding factor in regard to the most desirable effective temperature to be maintained in the inside of the building. The object of cooling theatres in the summer is not to reduce the effective temperature to the optimum value, but

to maintain therein a reasonably comfortable eiective temperature and at the same time to avoid sensations of chill or of intense heat in entering and leaving the building. The relationship between desirable indoor effective temperature in summer corresponding to various outdoor eiective temperatures is given in the following table:

Desirable imioor temperature in summer com- Wed to outside temperature Degrees outside Degrees inside D B W.B. aT. D B. W. B. E. T.

e5 7o s1 so 65. 2 73. 4 9o 69 79 7s e4. 5 72. 2 85 e7 76. 5 7e. 5 54 71. 1 so 65. 5 73. s 75 53. 5 7o. 2 75 64 7o. 5 7s. 5 53 o9. a 7o 62 67 72 e2. 5 6s. 2

. temperature on the outside, the higher the corresponding `effective temperature on the inside. Therefore, from the foregoing, we observe thatA 45 the control circuits which regulate the air conditioning equipment must be such as to respond to both the outside and inside effective temperatures.

This provision .is accomplished' by` causing the 5 outside regulating device to change the effective .temperature setting of the inside regulating device. With reference to the foregoing inside-outside eiective temperature table, it is noted by interpolation that an outside effective temperature of 78 calls for an inside effective tempera- ,ture of 72. For the purpose of explaining this feature of my invention, I have arbitrarily chosen these values as the dividing line. Hence, the insidel comfort regulating device is automatically 60 set at an effective temperature of 72 for all outside eiective temperatures above 78, and at an effective temperature of 68 for all outside eective temperatures below 76 (a differential of two degrees is allowed for the play of the contact 65 nger'200 between the two contact pins 20| and l2|'l2 of the outside regulating device). As illus- .trated, the effective temperature hand |02 of the outside regulating device is set at `'l being the effective temperature value at which the y 70 contact nger 200 first engages the contact pin In the illustrated position of the inside and the outside regulating devices, it is noted that the time is 9.30 A. M., that the setting of the in- 75 dicating hand v|55 which actuates the upright secondary winding aiaaeos member 3d is at an effective temperature value of 68, that the setting of the indicating hand @a which actuates the upright memberl 35 is at an effective temperature value of 72, that the cam 38 is vertical (which means that the shifting 5 plate 32 has been actuated.Y by the cam 38 during the preceding night, thus making the setting of the eiective temperature hand m2 register 68), and that the effective temperature of the outside air is 76 or less, since the contact finger 20e is 10 engaging the contact finger 292. In actual operation, the foregoing positions will remain as such until the eective temperature of the outside air reaches 78 or above, which may, on a hot summer day be about noon time or before. 15

Let it be/ assumed that the effective temperature of the outside air reaches 78 or above. This increase in effective temperature causes the contact finger 2li@ to swing to the right and engage the contact' pin 28| which, in turn, estab- 20 lishes a circuit for energizing the electromagnet t@ of the composite clock unit. This circuit may be traced from the left-hand terminal of the of the transformer |18 through a switch 258, the conductor 88, the ter- 25 minal SQ that is embedded in the base 3i, the

contact point 82 that is embedded in the rear ange of the clock 30, a conductor 80, the winding of the electro-magnet 66, a conductor 78, a terminal and a contact point that are embedded in the left-hand rear flange-of the clock 3G. a conductor ijthemi-gmetalliqelhenvient fil 'of the outside regulating device, the contact'inger 200,

the contact pin 28|,.a conductor 228, a terminal"\-- and a contact point that are embedded in the 35 lefthand rear ange of the clock 3D, a conductor itl), the contact fingers l2 and 73 bridged by the tip of the cam v38, av conductor i9, a contact pin 8| a terminal 83, and a conductor 85 to the opposite V4terminal of the secondary winding of the 40 transfrmcr-ildThe energization of the electro-magnet 66 by the establishment of the above traced circuit, liftsthe tripping lever 6% to its raised position and thereby initiates the action of the secondary mechanism 5l for actuating the 45 cam 38. Justawon as the cam 38 breaks engagement with the contactilngers 'l2 and 73, the circuit that energizes the electro-magnet 66 is deenergized and, consequently, the tripping everr"\.\

Se is allowed to fall to its lower or normal position. As previously described, the operation of the tripping lever til, causes the cam 38 to rotate in a clockwise direction 'and thus actuate the shifting plate 32 to the right. Since the previously assumed arbitrary setting of the indicating hand 64 is 72, the automatic actuation of the shifting plate 32 by the cam 38 causes the pointer of the effective temperature hand |02 of the inside regulating device to move to the right until it likewise reads 72. In the new shifted 60 position of the shifting plate 32, because of the diierentia'l of two degrees effective temperature between the contact fingers, the fan |73, with an increase in the eiective temperature, is started at an effective temperature of 72, the .refriger- 65 ating compressor |15 is started at an effective temperature of 74; and, with a decrease in the eective temperature, the refrigerating compressor |15'is stopped at an effective temperature of 72, and the fan |13 is stopped at an eifec- 70 tive vtemperaturev of This higher effective temperature setting of the inside regulating device is maintained until the effective temperature of the outside air decreases to or below 76, at which value the con- 75 tact finger 200 swings to the left and engages the contact pin 202. 'I'his establishes a circuit for lenergizing the electro-magnet 66 of the composite clock unit, and it may be traced from the left-hand terminal ofl the secondary winding of the transformer |18 through the switch 250, the conductor 86, the embedded contact terminal 84,

' the embedded contact point 82, the conductor 80,

drawings.

`secondary winding of the transformer |18.

the winding of the electro-magnet 66, the conductor 18, the contact terminal and a point that are embedded in the rear left-hand flange of the clock 30, the conductor 230, the bi-metallic element 4|, the contact finger 200, the contact pin 202a conductor 229, a contact point and a terminal that are embedded in the rear left-hand flange of the clock 30, a conductor 62, the contact fingers 10 and 1| bridged by the tip of the cam 38, conductors 11 and 19, the embedded contact 8|,.the embedded terminal 83, and the conductor 85 to the opposite terminal of the In a manner as previously explained, the energization of the electro-magnet 66 causes the cam 38 to rotate in a clockwise direction and thus actuate the shifting plate 32 backto its former set-l ting. 'I'his is the setting as illustrated in the Therefore, by means of automatically setting the inside regulating device in accordance with the outside regulating device, a reasonably comfortable effective temperature is maintained in the inside of the building andat the same time sensations of chill or of intensefheat on entering and on leaving the building is avoided.

While I preferably show an outside regulating device based upon the principles of my comfort regulating device, I also show in Fig. 9 that a straight thermostatic regulating device having a bi-metallic element 24| only may be employed instead of the loutside regulating device shown in Fig. 8. For the regulating device in Fig. 9, the same circuit connections are used, but the scale 244 is calibrated lin dry-bulb temperature. As illustrated the dry-bulbtemperature hand 243 is arbitrarily set at 88. Therefore for dry bulb `temperatures of 90 and above (allowing for a differential of two degrees).r the shifting plate 32 of the inside regulating device is shifted to the right, an'd for dry-bulb temperatures of 88 and below the shifting plate 32 is shifted to the left.' As is observed, the swinging movements of the contact finge`200 of 'the outside regulating device of Fig'. 8 is less than the swinging movements of the contact finger 242 of the straight thermostatic regulator of Fig. 9, and for this reason the contact linger 200 is not constrained to bend so much as the contact finger 242. This provision makes the outside regulating device shown in Fig. 8 preferable to the straight `ther,- mostatic regulator shown in Fig. 9.

The operation of myfcomfqrt regulating device for winter conditions will now be explained in connection with the fan and the heating apparatus. To change from summer time operating conditio-ns to winter time operating conditions it is necessary to do four things. First, remove the lcover from my comfort regulating device and left-hand set of contact fingers. Second, actuate the double-throw switch |95 to'thefupper posi- I tion. y Third, open the knife switch 250. Fourth,

,transformer |19.

adjustably set and clamp the two trippingfhands 58 and 59 to the secondary dial 56 and reset the indicating hands 64 and 65. For winter time conditions the indicating hand 64 may be set at 66 effective temperature 'and the indicating hand at 55 effective temperature. One of the tripping hands is set to'cause the tripping lever 60 to be tripped in the P. M., say ten or eleven oclock in the evening to' reduce the effective temperature down to 55 (the setting of the indieating hand 65) during the night, and the other tripping hand is setto cause the tripping lever 60 to `be tripped in the A. M., say five or six oclock in the morning to have the rooms heated up to 66 effective temperature (the setting of the indicating hand 64) before getting up.

In explainingthe operation, I will assume that the shifting plate 32has just shifted in the mornleft-hand terminal of the secondary winding 2|0 i of the transformer |19vthrough the conductor 2 l2, the winding of the relay |91, the conductors 2|4 and 221, the contact pins |30 and |32 bridged by the left-front and the left-rear contact fingers, and conductors 225 and 2|5 to the opposite terminal of the secondary winding 42|0 of `the As previously described, the operation of the relay |91 connects the motor that drives the fan |13 to the supply conductors |80. Also, as the left-middle contact finger engages the contact pin |3|, a circuit is established for energizing the relay |96. 'I'his circuit may be traced from. the left-hand terminal of the secondary winding 2|| of the transformer through the conductor 2|8, the winding of the relay |96, the conductors 2 I9 and 226, the contact pins |3| and |30 bridged by the left-middle and left-front contact fingers, and conductors 221 and 2 |4 to the opposite terminal of the secondary winding 2|| of the transformer |19. The operation of the relay |96 connects the electro-magnetic gas valve |9| in circuit with the supplyl conductors |80 and thus so regulates the fuel as to increase the effective temperature.

Thus, the fan and the heating apparatus both operate simultaneously. In this manner, the effective temperature of the building is increased to the optimum value in much less time than it would be if the fan' were not employed. As the effective temperature increases, the contact fingers swing to the right and thus progressively break away from the contact pins |3|, |30 and |32 in the order named. For explanation purposes, I will assume that the left-middle contact finger breaks away `at an effective temperature of 64, the left-front contacty finger at an effective temperature of 66 (this is the value that coincides with the setting of the effective temperature hand |02) and the left-rear contact finger at an' effective temperature of 68. By virtue of the previously described holding circuits that are effected by the closure of the contact members 2li and 22| of the relays, the operation of the'system is unaffected when the left-middle contact finger breaks engagement with the ccntact pin V|3| atan effective temperature of 64?.

of the heating apparatus.

However, as the elective temperature increases to 66, the left-'front contact iinger, according to `the foregoing arbitrary assumption, breaks engagement with the contact pins i3@ and thereby interrupts the circuit that energizes the relay |95. This interruption, in turn, arrests the action The fan, however, continues to operate, and in the event that the eiective `temperature should rise to 68, it is stopped, because at this arbitrary value the leftrear contact finger breaks engagement with the contact pin 032, and interrupts the circuit that encrgizes the relay i9?. From the foregoing, it is noted that, when the shifting plate 32 shifts from a low setting to a high setting in the morning,

both the heating apparatus and the fan in the action of the heating apparatus is arrested, the

' trolled.

contact ngers swing to the left and at an eiective temperature of 64, the left-middle contact ringer re-engages the contact pin i3! and establishes the circuit for re-engaging the relay E96. This again starts the heating apparatus. Therefore, ,according to the arbitrarily assumed values the effective temperature is maintained between 64 and 66.

In the evening, depending upon the P. M. setting, one of the specified tripping arms raises the tripping lever 66 and thereby causes the cam 38 as previously explained to actuate the shifting plate 32 to the lower effective temperature setting,

as determined by the setting of the indicator 65. For this lower setting, the contact pins are shifted away from the contact lingers and accordinglyv both of the relays we and I 91 are deenergized. ri'his action causes the effective temperature to fall to the value of the lower setting.

It is apparent that, while I have illustrated my invention in connection with air conditioners the invention may likewise be readily adopted to regulate the damper of furnaces or perform any other operation that the existing thermostatic regulators perform.l Also, inasmuch as the effective temperature is a measurement of any and all possible combinations of the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity (the air velocity being set at a constant value) my comfort regulating device may regulate either one of the two factors while the other one may be allowed to vary uncontrolled. As illustrated in the foregoing description, the dry-bulbtemperature is regulated while the relative humidity may vary uncon- It is likewise apparent that Vthe reverse is true. That isv my comfort regulating device may regulate the relative humidity while the drybulb temperature. may vary uncontrolled.

Since certain changes in my invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is -intended that all matters contained in the foregoing description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrativeand not in a limiting sense.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with an apparatus for varyamaeas to both the moisture and the temperature for actuating the conacts, and circuit connections 1 interconnecting at least one of the said plurality of engaging contacts with the temperature varying appaartus and interconnectingA at least another one of said plurality of engaging contacts with the fanfor individually operating the fan and the temperature varying apparatus in accordance with both the moisture and the temperature. 2. The combination withan apparatus for varying the temperature of air,`of a regulating device having a plurality of sets of engaging contacts, one of said sets of contacts constituting a holding set, a relay having aholding circuit associated therewith, means for causing the relay to govern the temperature varying apparatus, means responsivev to both the moisture and the temperature and having a regulating member receiving motion from each of said temperature and moisture means and resolving said motion into a resultant movement of its 4own for operating the contacts, the arrangement of the temperature means, the moisture means and the regulating lmember being such that the rate at which the -ing the temperature of air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having a pluralityof progressively engaging contacts, means for actuating the contacts, a relay having an energizing and a holding circuit associated therewith .for

governing the operation of the fan, a second relay e having an energizing and a'holding circuit associated therewith for governing the operation of the temperature varying apparatus, and circuit connections forlnterconnecting the said relays with the progressively engaging contacts, said first energizing circuit being connected in circuit relation with at least two of said engaging contacts and saidrst holding circuit being connected in circuit relation with at least o'ne of said two engaging contacts, and said second energizing circuit being connected in circuit relation with at least one of said two engaging contacts and with a third contact and said second holding circuit being connected in 'circuit vrelation with at least one of said two engaging contacts to cause said relays to govern the operation of the fan and the temperature varying apparatus in acordance with the movement of the said contacts.

4.A The combination with an apparatus for varying the temperature of air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having a plurality of progressively engaging. contacts, means for actuating the contacts, and circuit connection for interconnecting the fan with at -least twoof said engaging contacts, and circuit connections for interconnecting the temperature varying apparatus with at least one of said two engaging contacts and withia third contact, the arrangement of the contacts and the` circuit connections being such that the action of the fan is initiated before ,the action of the temperature varying apparatus is initiated. f f

5. The combination with an apparatus for -varying thetemperature of air and a fan for distrib-,

uting the air, of a regulating device having a plurality of progressively engaging contacts, means responsive to both the moisture and the temperature and having a regulating member receiving motion from each of said temperature and moisture means and resolving said motion into a retion for interconnecting the fan and the apparatus for varying the temperature with the contacts, the arrangement of the contacts and the circuit connections being such that the action of the fan is initiated before the action of the temperature varying apparatus is initiated.

6. The combination with a cooling apparatus and a heating apparatus, of a plurality of contact fingers, means for actuating the contact fingers, a plurality of first contact members disposed on one side of the contact fingers and adapted to be engaged by the Contact fingers when actuated in one direction, a plurality of secondcontact members disposed on the opposite side of the contact fingers and adapted to be engaged by the contact fingers when actuated in the other direction, a relay having a holding circuit associated therewith, selective means for connecting the relay in circuit relation with the cooling apparatus or the heating apparatus, and circuit connections for connecting the relay 4and its associated holding circuit with the contact fingers and with the plu-- rality of first contact-members and with the plurality of second contact membersl 7. 'I'he combination withv a cooling apparatus and a heating apparatus, of a plurality of contact fingers, means for actuating the contact fingers;

a plurality of first contact members disposed on one side of the contact fingers and adapted to be engaged by the contact fingers when actuated in one direction, a plurality of second contact members disposed on the opposite side of the contact fingers and adapted to be engaged by the contact flngers when actuated in the other direction, a relay having a holding circuit associated therewith, selective means for connecting the relay in circuit relation with the cooling apparatus or the heating apparatus, circuit connections for connecting the relay and its associated holding circuit with the contact fingers and with the plurality of first contact. members and with the plurality of second contact members, and means for moving the plurality of contact members on either side of the contact fingers out of working engagement with the contact fingers.

8. In combination, an air conditioning apparatus having air modifying means, a first regulating device having first engaging contacts and means including a first thermostatic element for causing relative 4movement between the said first contacts, first circuit connections connected in circuit relation with the said first contacts and the air conditioning apparatus lfor regulating the operation of the said air conditioning apparatus, shiftable means for causing relative movement between the said first contactsV in addition to the relative movement caused by the said first thermostatic element, a second regulating device having sec- `ond engaging contacts and means including a second thermostatic element for causing relative movement between said second contacts, and second circuit connectionsconnected in circuit relation with the said second engaging contacts and the shiftable means for causing the said additional relative movement between the first engaging contacts independent of the relative movement caused by the said first thermostatic element for modifying the loperation of the said first en- .gaging contacts and the said air conditioning apparatus.

9. In combination, an air conditioning apparatus having air modifying means, a first regulating device having first engaging contacts and means including a firstV thermostl'atic element and a first `hygroscopic element for causing relative movement between the said first contacts, first circuit connections connected in circuit relation with the said first contacts and the air conditioning apparatus for regulating the operation of the said air conditioning apparatus, shiftable means for causing relative movement vbetween the said first contacts in addition to the relative movement caused by the said first thermostatic element and said first hygroscopic element, a second regulating device having second engaging contacts and means including a second thermostatic element and a second hygroscopic element for causing relative movement between said second contacts, and second circuit connections connected in circuit relation with the said second engaging contacts and the shiftable means for causing the said additional relative movement between the first engaging contacts independent of the relative movement caused by the said first thermostatic element and the said first hygroscopic element for modifying the operation of the said first engaging contacts and the said air conditioning apparatus.

l0. In combination, an air conditioning apparatus-comprising air modifying means, a first effective temperature regulating device having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and a relatively wide range of relative humidities for regulating the said air conditioning apparatus, circuit connectionsv for interconnecting the first effective temperature regulating device and the said air conditioning apparatus for controlling the said air conditioning apparatus, and a second effective temperature regulating device having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and a relatively wide range of relative humidities for modifying the operation of the first effective temperature regulating device and the said air conditioning apparatus.

' having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and a relatively wide range of relative humidities for modifying the operation of the first effective temperature regulating device and the said airconditioning apparatus.

12. The combination with an apparatus for varying the dry bulbtemperature of air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having a plurality of progressively. engaging contacts, means responsive to both `the moisture and the temperature for actuating the plurality of engaging contacts, and circuit connections interconnecting at least one of thesaid plurality of engaging contacts with the temperature varying apparatus and interconnecting at least another one of said plurality of engaging contacts with the dei . moving heat from the air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having a plurality of progressively engagingcontacts, means responsive to both the moisture and the temperature for actuating the plurality of engaging contacts, and circuit connections interconnecting at least one ,of the said plurality of engaging contacts with the heat removing apparatus and interconnecting at least 'another one of said plurality of engaging contacts with the ian for individually and progressively operating the fan and the heat removing apparatus in accordance with both the moisture and the dry bulb temperature.

14. The combination with an. apparatus for varying the dry bulb temperature of air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having means iniiuenced by the dry bulb temperature and by the moisture and having a regulating member receiving motion from each of said dry bulb temperature means and said moisture means and resolving said motion into a resultant movementor its own for regulating the dry bulb temperature varying means and the fan, a plurality progressively engaging contacts carried by the regulating member, and circuit connections interconnecting at least one of the said plurality of engaging contacts with the temperature varying apparatus and interconnecting at least another one of said plurality of engaging contacts With the fan for individually and progressively operating the ian and the temperature varying apparatus in accordance with both the moisture and the dry bulb temperature. y t

15. The combination with an apparatus for varying the dry bulb temperature of air and a fan for distributing the air, of a regulating device having means inuenced by the dry bulb temperature and by the moisture and having a regulating member receiving motion from each of said dry bulb temperature means and said moisture means and resolving said motion into a resultant .movement of its own for regulating the dry bulb temperature varying means and the fan, the 'arrangement of the dry bulb temperature means, the moisture means and the regulating member -of the regulating device being such that the rate at which the moisture influences the movement of the regulating member is greater at high temperatures than at lower temperatures, a plurality of progressively engaging contacts carried by the regulating member andcircuit connections interconnecting at least `one of the said plurality of engaging contacts with the temperature varyingapparatus and interconnecting at least another one of said plurality of engaging contacts with the fan for individually and progressively operating the fan and the temperature varying apparatus in 'accordance with both the moisture and the dry bulb temperature.

16. in combination, an air conditioning apparatus including means for removing heat from an enclosure and including a blower for establishing a stream'of air to an inclosure, a refrigerating system associated with said means and including a cooling member in said means and a refrlgerating compressor circulating refrigerant through'said member, and a control device ref sponsive to ecotivc' temperature for controlling amarres the compressor at one effective temperature and controlling the blower at a relatively lower eiective temperature.

17. The method of creating cooling sensations of persons within an enclosure which comprises, g initiating a circulation of air in said enclosure when the eiective temperature in said enclosure arises above a predetermined limit, and initiating cooling action on said air when the eiective temperature in said enclosure rises above a sec-f Q ond predetermined limit which is a higher value than the said rst predetermined limit.

18. In combination with an enclosure, apparatus for conditioning air for said enclosure, a first eiective temperature responsive device having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and the humidity of air within said enclosure, and a second effective temperature regulating device. having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and the humidity of air outside said enclosure for modifying the operation of the first effective temperature regulating device and said apparatus.

19. The combination with apparatus for 'varying the dry bulb temperature, a regulating device therefor comprising means responsive to the dry bulb temperature, means responsive to the humidity, means' for combining the responses of the responsive means so that the rate at which the moisture influences the action of the regulating device is greater at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures, and control circuits interconnecting the dry bulb temperature varying apparatus Aand the regulating device for so regulating the dry bulb temperature varying means that, for any unit change in the humidity at diierent dry bulb temperatures, the dry bulb temperature is corrected a variable amount to offset the change in the condition of the air caused by the change in the humidity.

20. In combination with an enclosure, air con- 40 ditioning apparatus therefor comprising an evaporator, means for supplying refrigerant to said evaporator, and means for circulating air for said enclosure over said evaporator, an effective temperature regulating device for said refrigerant supplying means, comprising means responsive to the dry bulb temperature, means responsive to the humidity, means for combining the responses of the responsive means so that the rate at which the moisture inuences the action of the regulating device is greater at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures and control circuits interconnecting said refrigerant supplying means and the regulating device for' so regulating lsaid refrigerant supplying means that, fonl any unit change in the humidity at diierent dry bulb temperatures, the dry bulb temperature is correoted a variable amount to oilset the change in -l the condition of the'air caused by the change in the humidity.

2l. In combination with an enclosure, apparatus for conditioning air for said enclosure, a 'iirst effective temperature responsive device having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and the humidity of air within said enclosure, a 65 second effective temperature regulating device having means responsive to the dry bulb temperature and the humidity of air outside said enclosure, and means whereby both of said devices modify the operation of said apparatus for condamnmgthe air. v 7( GEORGE V. WOODLING. 

